DAFTAR ISI
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
An adverb or adverb can modify a
verb, adjective, other description, phrase, or clause. Adverb shows how, time,
place, cause, or degree / degree and answers questions like "how,"
"how," "when," "where," "how much" ".
The cause of
Noun, adjective, adverb, article, pronoun, and usage to be an important field
of English study is none other than through it all one can menyapaikan
intention clearly. The language that we know before reaching the level of the
sentence is: Noun (noun), Adjective (adjective), and Adverb (adverb). The third
form, is the basic learning or basic structure that we should learn in order to
better understand the English language procedures well and smoothly.pronoun or
pronoun noun in English grammar / english grammarhas a very important role. Can
we imagine if human language does not have pronouns may arise peculiarities -
Gaffe.singkatnya that all forms of noun that so diverse kinds can we replace
with pronoun
English is a universal language used and studied by all countries in the world. When someone
has just learned English, it may be confused in understanding the verb in English. Verb in English has a
verb definition. Just like the Indonesian language, in English also recognize the name verb
or verb. Certainly in one sentence it has one verb. Because the terms of a sentence or sentence
is a minimum consisting of subject and verb. There are subjects and there are verbs (verbs or activities)
performed by the perpetrator / subject.
Learning about part of speech is the first step in grammatical research as learning letters is the first step
to being able to read and write. From studying part of speech we begin to understand the use or function
of words and how the words join together to make meaningful communication. To understand what part
of speech is you must understand the idea of putting things together into one group or category.
1.2 Destination
The purpose of writing this paper are:
1. To know the Adverb notion
2. To know the main parts (division) adverb
3. For an example of using adverbs
4. Kinds of verbs (Regular and Irregular Verb)
5. Types of verbs (Type 1, type 2, type 3)
6. Use us of verb
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.2 Understanding Adverb
Adverb is a word whose function describes the meaning of the verb (adverb), adjective (adjective) and also other adverbs / adjectives.
Example:
Petra is very bad
Petra is very ugly
The above statement of the word add very explains the bad adjective
· Mery works very well
· Mery works very well
This statement said add (adverb) very explain the word plus (adverb) well
· Andi walks quickly
· Andi walked quickly
This statement, the word add (adverb) quickly describes the verb (verb) walks
Basically adverb consists of three main parts:
· Relative adverb
· Introgative adverb
· Simple adverb
Of the three parts above have different functions and positions - different according to their respective use - each.
A. Relative adverb
It is an adverb that is used to link two statements or sentences.
Example:
· We have eaten when you come here
· we have eaten when you come here.
· The statement above adverb is when
B. Introgative adverb
Is an adverb that is used to ask something.
Example:
· How many students are absent to day?
· How many students are not present today?
· Why do you cry?
· Why are you crying?
That the length / short of a question will depend on what we ask so it is not absolute as in the example above.
Adverb consists of: how, why, etc ...
C. Simple Adverb
Is an additional word form or description in simple form divided into four groups / which are classified in four parts:
1. Adverbs of degree
2. Adverbs of manner
3. Adverbs of place
4. Adverbs of time
These four have different functions and goals and positions in the sentence, note the example!
1. Adverbs of degree
It is an adverb that is used to differentiate the degree of all subjects and is always placed behind the adjective.
Example:
· He works very fast
· He works very fast
· This shirt rather cheap
· This dress is rather cheap
The above statement of adverbs of degree is very (very), rather (rather)
2. Adverbs of manner
Is a group of words used to explain the way the subject does something deed / action, where the word group
is the result of the formation of the adjective by adding the ending "Iy" and basically placed in front of the verb (verb).
Example:
· She smiles sweetly
· She smiled sweetly
· Heb eats rice quickly
· He eats quickly
· They will go there by plane tomorrow
· They will go there by plane tomorrow
That is not limited to words that end in "Iy" only but we can also use other words that have similar meaning
in giving information, for example: by plane, by bus, on foot (walking) and others.
3. Adverbs of place
Is a group of words used to indicate the place where an action / incident occurred.
Example:
· Dimas eats in the kitchen
· Dimas eat in the kitchen
· Fikar went to Surabaya yesterday
· Fikar went to Surabaya yesterday
To remember :
Which includes the above mentioned group of words are:
· In the kitchen
· In the room
· In school
· In Surabaya
· On the table, here
There, etc ...
4. Adverbs of time
It is an adverb that is used to indicate a time consisting of two parts:
a) Adverbs of indefinite time
It is an adverb that is used to indicate undefined or indefinite time and is generally placed
after the subject and after the auxiliary verb / auxiliary verbs.
Example: after subject
· She never love his
· He never brightened him
· He has never said good bye
· He never said goodbye / separated.
Example: after the auxiliary verb
· I shall never visit him again
· I will never visit him again
· Hey I always go far from here
· He always goes away from here.
Words that belong to this group:
· Always
· Ever
· Never
· Soon
· In very short time
· Seldom
· Often
Several time, some time, etc ...
b) Adverbs of definite time
It is an adverb that is used to indicate a specific time.
Example:
· She will arrive tomorrow
· He will arrive tomorrow
· He went back yesterday
Words belonging to this group:
· Yesterday (yesterday)
· Five o'cklock
· Last week
· To day
· This morning
Just new, etc ...
2.3 Definition of Verb
Verbs (verbs) are used to express the activity of something or a group of nouns. In the sentence,
the verb serves as a predicate. Verbs generally require an object (called a transitive verb),
but there are also some verbs that do not require objects (called intransitive verbs). Verbs are the
most important type of word in a sentence. Even in spoken language, with just a verb we can already
express an idea that can already be understood by others.
2.4 Kinds of Verbs
1. Transitive Verbs
That is a verb that requires an object to complete the meaning of a sentence or complete the meaning
of a sentence. Transitive verbs include: Drink, watch, read, fill, open, close, etc.
Example:
· He watches the movie. (This phrase will not be complete, if "the movie" we lose.Anyone will
wonder - watch what ?, then watch (watch) needs the object so that the meaning of the sentence can be understood).
· The man cuts the tree.
In other words, this verb can not stand alone without noun (noun) or pronoun (pronoun) as an object.
Example:
· She made a cake
He made bread
The word made can not stand alone and has no meaning in the sentence when added with the word a cake (bread).
· I have bought a book
I have bought a book
The word bought (buy) will not have an understanding if it is not added with the object a book (a book).
In general, transitive verbs have only one object. These objects can be:
a) Noun.
Example:
1. I have bought a car.
2. Pronoun (pronoun).
Example: I will see it
I will see it.
3. Infinitives (basic verb).
Example: I want to swim
I want to swim.
4. Gerund (verbs that are required).
Example: He likes climbing.
He loves to climb.
5. Phrases (phrases).
Example: They do not know how to make it go.
They do not know how to make it run.
6. Clause (Clause).
Example: I do not know what you want.
I do not know what you want.
But there are some transitive verbs that have two objects (doble objects).
The one in general is the name of a particular object, while the other is a particular person or animal.
The object mentioned is called Direct Object and the person or animal mentioned is called Indirect Object.
Example:
· I brought her a book
· I brought him a book
A book = Direct Object
Her = Indirect Object
Be aware that the Indirect Object is always located before or in front of the Direct Object.
If Direct Object is placed after or behind Indirect Object, it must use preposition to and for.
Example:
· I made a kite for him
· I made a kite for him.
a kite = Direct Object
Him = Indirect Object
2. Intransitive Verbs
That is a verb that does not require an object, because it can be perfectly understood meaning of the sentence.
Verbs that include Intransitive verbs include: Shine, come, sit, boil, sleep, fall, cry, etc.
Example:
• The baby cries.
• My mother is sleeping.
• The water boils.
Note:
• There are also several verbs that can act as both transitive and intransitive verbs.
Example:
• He drops his bottles. (transitive)
• The rain drops from the sky. (intransitive)
• The contestants still misunderstood then. (transitive)
• The contestants still misunderstood. (intransitive)
• They grow the rubber trees. (transitive)
• Rice grows in the fertile soil. (intransitive)
There are some intransitive verbs that use Objective Noun which have a unified meaning with the verb. The object is called Cognate Object.
Example:
• He played the fool. (He's playing crazy).
• He laughs a hard laugh. (He laughs wide).
• He slept a sound sleep. (He slept soundly).
• He died a miserable death. (He died destitute).
There are some transitive and intransitive verbs although they already have an object but the meaning is not
perfect before adding any other words.
The verbs of this type are: make, name, call, find, declare, suppose, consider, bring, give, appoint, seen, hear, etc.
Example:
• I will make you happy.
• I appoint him to be my assistant.
There is also a verb that has the following pattern:
• Verbs + Preposition + Object
• Verbs + Preposition + Verb-ing
Example:
• We talked about the problem.
• She felt sorry for coming late.
The verbs for the second pattern are: succeed in, think about / of, dream of, dream about,
approve of, look forward to, insist on, voted against, angry with, sorry for, thanks for,
There are also certain verbs that have the following pattern:
• Verbs + Object + Preposition + Verb-ing
Example:
• They accused me of telling lies.
• Do you suspect the man of being a spy?
• I congratulated Bob on passing the exam.
• What prevented him from coming to the party?
• I thanked her for being so helpful.
3. Finite Verb
Finite verbs are complete verbs, verbs that have a clear subject and tense (time).
Characteristics of Verbs This type is as follows:
•When used in sentence and negative sentences need to use help do, do or did verbs.
• The shape may vary by tense.
• Usually have forms:
• Infinitive
• Present Participle
• Gerund
• Past tense
• Present tense
• Past Participle
Example:
• Ms. Anne reads a novel. (Infinitive)
• Ms. Anne is reading a novel. (Present Participle)
• Does Ms. Anne read a novel?
• Ms. Anne read a novel. (Past tense)
• Ms. Anne has read a novel. (Past Participle)
4. Auxiliary Verbs
That is a verb used in conjunction with other verbs to state actions or circumstances,
or serve to complement grammatical functions.
The Auxiliary Verb is:
• Is, am, are
• Was, were
• Do, does, did
• Has, have, had
• Can, could
• May, might
• Will, would
• Shall, should be
• Must
• Ought to
• Had better
• Need, Dare (Can also function as Ordinary Verb)
5. Linking Verbs
That is a verb that serves to connect between the subject with its complement.
The word associated with the subject is called the complementary subject. If the Connection
Worker's words we replace with be (am, is, are, was, etc.), then the meaning does not change.
The common linking verbs are:
• be (am, is, are, was, etc.)
• look
• stay
• appear
• become
• remain
• taste
• feel
• seem
• smell
• grow
Example:
• The actress is beautiful.
• Alex looks serious. (= Alex is serious).
• The delicious cakes smell (= the cakes are delicious).
Regular Verb is a verb that can vary according to the tense form; and change the verb form regularly.
Regular verbs, which in Indonesian are called "Regular Working Verbs", are verbs where the verb1 to verb2 or verb3
forms change by adding a -ed add, or simply by adding a ¯ only if the verb ends in e.
Examples of verb changes of this type are:
• Call - called - called
• Admit - admitted - admitted
• Submit - submitted - submitted
• Invite - invited - invited
• Dare - dared - dared
• Encourage - encouraged – encouraged
Irregular
Verb is a verb that has the same function as regular verb, but this verb
changes form irregularly. irregular verbs (verbs verbs) are verbs that change
from verb1 to verb2 or to verb3 not by adding affixed -ed, or -d. These verbs
change irregularly. Since the number of verbs is very large and most of them
are regular verbs, the ones that need to be memorized are irregular verbs. The
form of irregular verbs is divided into three groups as follows.
(1)
The verbs of the second form and all three are unchanged from the first form,
such as the word bet, bid, cut, and hurt, both of which are bet, bid, cut, and
hurt.
(2)
Verbs of the second form and all three are the same but different from the
first form, for example the word bleed, the second form and all three are bled,
and the second cling word and the three are clung.
(3)
The verbs of the first form, the second form, and the three forms are not the
same. For example for example take into the form both take and the third form
taken, arise the form of both arose and the third form arisen, and so on.
Examples
of these types of verb changes are:
• Read - Read - Read
• Come - came - come
• Begin - begin - begun
• Sleep - slept - slept
In addition, there are also verbs that can be
grouped into regular verbs and irregular verbs, for example the second awake
verbs and all three can be awaked or awoke, leap verbs are second and all three
can be leaped or leapt, and so on.
Discussing about the use of verbs, of course the intended use is in the sentence. And sentences in English
can not be separated from the 'tenses' which is the embodiment of the use of verbs based on the time description.
According to their use in sentences, the verbs are divided into 3 different classes:
a) Infinitive verbs
This verb is either 'regular / irregular' or in the form of 'transitive / intransitive' used in the sentence
of the habit form (Simple Present Tense).
Example:
• Linda sleep soundly. (Irregular / Intransitive)
• I play a piano well. (Regular / Transitive)
• Rini gives me much money. (Irregular / Transitive)
• I work very hard every day. (Regular / Intransitive)
Verb 1 is the basic form of a verb in English. The first type of verb is used when writing a sentence
in a simple present (the tenses used to describe the current activity). An example of its use is in the following sentence:
• I usually go to school at 6.30 am.
• He always sleeps late to finish his job.
b) Preterite Verbs
Both the 'regular / irregular' and the 'transitive / intransitive', the verbs of this second form are typically
used in the past tense phrase (Simple Past Tense).
Example:
• My sister went to Jakarta yesterday. (Irregular / Intransitive)
• Nia invited me to her party. (Regular / Transitive)
• Rina broke my spectacles. (Irregular / Transitive)
• We arrived at school late. (Regular / Intransitive)
The second form of verb is used to describe an event that has occurred in the past.
This verb can not be used in other sentence form. So if you are going to write down events that occurred
in the past, use the verb form to 2. The example of use in the sentence is:
• They visited art museum yesterday.
• She drank a glass of milk this morning.
2.1 Past Participle
This verb has 2 scopes of usage, ie in sentence form 'has' (Perfect tense) and also in passive sentence (Passive Voice)
Example:
• He has gone home. (Irregular / Intransitive)
• We have completed our assignment. (Regular / Transitive)
• I am invited to come to her party. (Regular / Passive)
• This poem was written by Rendra. (irregular / passive)
This third form verb can not stand alone like the two previous verbs. This verb is used in perfect tense
(tenses used to describe a finished event) both present perfect tense and past perfect tense. Examples of their use in sentences are:
• I have finished my project this afternoon.
• She has cleaned her room.
Verb is the word to
show action, for example to buy, to write, to read, to run, and etc. And to
show state of being, for example to be, to have, to become, to seem, and etc.
verbs consist of kinds, types and usages.
Verbs are the most important type
of word in a sentence. Without a verb we can not make sentences. Even in spoken
language, with just a verb we can already express an idea that can be
understood by others.
ADVERB is a word
whose function describes the meaning of the verb (adverb), adjective
(adjective) and also other adverbs / adjectives.
Basically adverb
consists of three main parts:
·
Relative
adverb
It is an adverb that
is used to link two statements or sentences.
·
Introgative
adverb
Is an adverb that is
used to ask something.
·
Simple
adverb
Is an additional
word form or description in simple form divided into four groups / which are
classified in four parts:
a)
Adverbs
of degree
b)
Adverbs
of manner
c)
Adverbs
of place
d)
Adverbs
of time
These four have
different functions and goals and positions in the sentence.
Author realizes that this paper is far from
perfect. Therefore, for anyone who reads this paper, the authors are looking
forward to constructive criticism and suggestions for the perfection of this
paper. Hopefully this paper can be useful for us all in the running of all
activities as a student.
So the preparation of this paper, we hope with the preparation of this paper can provide additional
useful science that makes us human and educated berilmu.Jika there are some errors in the preparation of this
paper we apologize as much as possible because there is nothing perfect on earth this, and if there are some things
that are capable of input and others, we ask to give inputs, and suggestions so that in making the next paper will be even better.
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